What gum disease is
Bacteria in plaque, the sticky film that builds up on teeth every day, irritate the gums. If plaque isn’t removed, it hardens into tartar that brushing can’t remove. The earliest stage, gingivitis, causes red, puffy gums that may bleed when you brush or floss. At this point the damage is reversible.
Without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets where bacteria collect, and the bone and ligaments that hold teeth in place begin to break down.
Signs to watch for
- Gums that bleed when you brush or floss
- Red, swollen or tender gums
- Bad breath that doesn’t go away
- Gums that are receding, making teeth look longer
- Increased sensitivity
- Teeth that feel loose or a bite that feels different
Who is at higher risk
Anyone can develop gum disease, but the risk is higher for people who smoke or use tobacco, have diabetes, have a family history of gum disease, or are going through hormonal changes such as pregnancy. Some medications that cause dry mouth can also raise the risk.
Everyday prevention
- Brush twice a day for two minutes, angling the bristles toward the gum line
- Floss or use interdental brushes daily to clean where your toothbrush can’t reach
- Don’t smoke, or get help to quit
- Eat a balanced diet and limit sugary snacks
- Keep your cleanings: professional cleanings remove the tartar that home care can’t
If you already have symptoms
Don’t wait for it to hurt. Depending on the stage, treatment can include periodontal cleanings, scaling and root planing to clean below the gum line, laser therapy and antibiotics. The earlier we start, the simpler the treatment, so give us a call if your gums have been bleeding.
Questions about your own teeth? Call Shrewsbury Dental Group at (732) 741-8707 or book a visit online (opens in a new tab). This article is general information and isn't a substitute for an exam.